Page 16 - Journeys English C1 (Grammar Book)

2 Literature

Use can, could, or will to make a request. Use don’t have to, don’t need to, or needn’t to
Can/Could/Will you pass me the salt, please? show that something is not necessary.

Would can also be used in certain phrases of We don’t need to/don’t have to/needn’t book a
request. hotel; we can stay at my friend’s place.

Would you mind if I borrowed your pen for a
moment? Advice, Recommendations, and Suggestions
Can, could, will, and shall can be used to make Use must to give strong, personal advice or
offers. recommendations.
Can I give you a ride to work? That’s serious. You must talk to your parents now!
We could lend you our camping gear if you’re Use ought to or should to give advice.
interested. They ought to/should consider saving money for
I will help you with your project if you want. their future.
Shall I make a reservation for dinner tonight? Use might to make polite suggestions.

Would can also be used in certain phrases of You might want to take up a hobby to reduce
making an offer. stress.

Would you like us to lend you our camping gear? Shall can be used to make suggestions or ask for
advice.
Obligation, Lack of Obligation, and Prohibition Shall we meet at the park for a picnic?
Use must to show strong obligation. Shall I book tickets in advance for the concert?

You must always wear your seat belt while driving. Use can or could to give suggestions or options.
Use should or ought to to talk about something You can/could explore various options before
that is right or appropriate. making a decision.
We should/ought to respect other people’s You can/could either take the train or fly there.
opinions.
Use have to to express obligation in the present, Habits
past, or future. Use will or will + keep + -ing to talk about people’s
I have to hand in my exam now. habits in the present.
Kevin had to attend the morning training session My family won’t eat fast food any more.
last week. She will keep checking her phone every few
Mum will have to go to work on Saturday. minutes for any new messages.

The main verb need can also be used to express Use would to refer to past habits.
an obligation. They would often visit their grandparents during
They need to finish their chores before going out. the summer holidays when they were children.
We needed to complete the project before the
meeting with the client. Disapproval and Criticism
You will need to follow the instructions they give Use should or ought to when things are not the
you. way you think they should be.
Use can’t or mustn’t for prohibition. People should/ought to recycle their waste more.

You can’t/mustn’t park the car here; it’s for Use can to criticise someone’s behaviour.
residents only.
She can be really unbearable at times!
Use don’t have to for lack of obligation.
They don’t have to wear a school uniform.

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