Page 52 - Grasp English C1 (Student Book)

4 Energy

Grammar Conjunctions

A conjunction holds phrases and clauses together in Subordinating conjunctions go between words and
a single sentence. Sometimes a comma is also used to phrases to emphasise one clause over the other.
link the different parts. Subordinate clauses are dependant: they are not
complete sentences on their own.

There are three types of conjunction:
Coordinating conjunctions Sentences have two clauses with either of these
structures:
Subordinating conjunctions
Main clause + coordinating conjunction +
Correlative conjunctions (see differentiated group
activities) subordinate clause.
Coordinating conjunction + subordinate clause,

main clause.
Coordinating conjunctions go between words and
phrases of equal importance in a sentence. They ensure
that the two clauses or words on each side of the A subordinate clause may be:
conjunction have equal emphasis. known information – It’s cold because the heating
There are seven coordinating conjunctions: isn’t working.
for, and, nor, but, or, yet and so. a condition – I’ll call you if I have time.
a time – I’ll mail you after I finish my work.

Some of these can link single words. There are many other subordinating conjunctions,
including: when, as long as, if, while, although,
They jumped and played.
unless, until, before, etc.
He’s strange yet kind.
There weren’t any chairs or tables.
Sentences with two clauses often have the structure:
Main clause + coordinating conjunction + main
clause. Identify the conjunction in these sentences. Are they
coordinating or subordinating conjunctions?
1. We’re never going to get there on time unless
Examples of Coordinating conjunctions
we hurry.
Note how in these examples of coordinating clauses, 2. It’s late, so we’ll finish the meeting now.
both clauses have equal importance.
3. It’s an old car, but it never breaks down.
• She often goes to bed late, for she doesn’t have to get
up early.
• She gets up and gets dressed.
• She doesn’t eat nor shower immediately.
• She has some coffee, but she doesn’t eat anything
immediately.
• Later in the morning, she eats toast or cereal.
• During the day she communicates with a lot of
people, yet she rarely speaks to them in person.
• She works freelance, so she is able to manage her
own time.

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