Page 20 - Journeys C1+ (Workbook)
P. 20
2 Rumours
Grammar Reduced relative clauses
A. Read and compare these pairs of sentences. C. Complete the text with the words in the boxes.
a) The athletes who are participating in the next detailing having learning making
Deaflympics come from almost one hundred
different countries. seen spoken taken translated
The athletes participating in the next
Deaflympics come from almost one hundred When LL Zamenhof first created Esperanto in the
different countries.
late 19 century, he envisioned a language which
th
b) The international language which was would facilitate international understanding. It was
created by Zamenhof is called Esperanto. in 1887, under the pseudonym of Dr Esperanto,
The international language created by that he published the book Unua Libro (First Book)
Zamenhof is called Esperanto. 1 the language.
c) People who speak more than two foreign Esperanto, 2 by up to 2 million
languages will be given extra credit. people around the world, gained popularity in
People speaking more than two foreign the 20 century, despite facing problems during
th
languages will be given extra credit. the time of Nazi Germany and Soviet Russia when
speakers were persecuted.
B. Complete the rules about reduced relative So what makes Esperanto so easy to learn?
clauses. Use the words in the boxes.
The grammar, 3 simple rules
past participle present participle with no exceptions, can apparently be learnt
within an hour and there are no irregular verbs,
be relative pronoun 4 as one of the trickier aspects of
English. Another point 5 it easier
We can reduce a relative clause by omitting the to learn than English is the phonetic spelling
and the verb be, and using of all words and a consistent stress pattern.
either a present or form. No more photographers taking photographs
If there isn’t the verb , it is without an f in sight! Also, the vocabulary of
sometimes possible to omit the pronoun and use Esperanto makes good use of compound nouns,
the . suffixes and grammatical endings, a decision
6 so that the vast majority of the
language (approximately 95%) can be spoken
after 7 just 500 vocabulary items.
Many people believe that if everyone learnt
Esperanto as a second language, it would save
an incredible amount of money. Documents
currently 8 into the world’s
major languages, such as Spanish, Chinese and
Arabic, for organisations such as the WHO (World
Health Organization) or the UNHCR (UN Refugee
Agency) could be written and understood by all
in Esperanto.
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