Page 110 - Grasp English B1+ (Workbook)

11 Robotics

Grammar Defining/Non-defining relative clauses

A. Complete the text with the appropriate relative pronouns.

Robots are machines 1 can do jobs for humans. Robots need to be programmed
by a human 2 gives them clear instructions about what to do. NASA uses robots
in a number of different ways. For example, in space, 3 they use a lot of robotic
machinery, robot arms on a spacecraft can hold satellites 4 they need to be
repaired. The International Space Station has a robotic arm 5 can move to different
parts of the station as it’s needed.
Robots are also used to explore more distant areas of space, 6 are currently
impossible for human astronauts to reach. Russian cosmonaut Valeri Polyakov, 7
holds the record for the longest trip in space, spent 437 days on the Mir Space Station. Voyager 1 is a
NASA space probe 8 has been operating since 1977, regularly sending data back
to Earth.

B. Combine the two sentences using a relative clause.

1. In 1992, a team of Japanese researchers met in Tokyo. They discussed using technology in football.
2. It started as a Japanese project, but other researchers got involved. They want to build football-playing
robots, too.
3. The first official RoboCup was held in 1997. 5,000 people attended the event.
4. There are different leagues. This means similar types of robot play against each other.
5. In one league, there are humanoid robots. They can walk, run and kick the ball.
6. RoboCup 2019 was held in Sydney, Australia. More than 300 teams took part.

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